Machine Input Output BASICS (Reasoning) 5 marks IBPS PO

MACHINE INPUT – OUTPUT

In INPUT OUTPUT type of problems, candidates are required to check out the pattern given in the arrangement of the question and then find out the desired output step, according to what  the question asked.

In order to solve these questions, one has to think that there is some kind of machine or computer which gives output according to what it receives as the input. This machine works on a predetermined pattern and will give output at different steps.  

Always check the last step of the arrangement you get an idea that what logic are used in the arrangement.

Four types of questions are asked from this chapter.

(1) Shifting

All questions are based on interchanging position of elements. If the given problem is not arrangement based, then check whether shifting is taking place. Just check the first two- three steps, if the words form a particular position are moving to another particular position and that is being repeated then the given problem is shifting. 

IN SHIFTING---------- WE CAN DETERMINED THE PREVIOUS STEPS EVEN GIVEN INPUT ALSO.

BUT IN ARRANGEMENT-------- WE CAN NOT DETERMINED THE PREVIOUS STEPS.  

(2) Arrangement

First of all check that if there is any arrangement. In case of arrangement, words would be arranged in alphabetical order (may be in increasing or in decreasing form) and number would be arranged in increasing or decreasing order. To check it, just look at the first-three steps, if an arrangement is found than the problem is arrangement based problem.

Sometimes some different logics are used---

·         Vowels (May be in increasing or decreasing order)…………………

·         Consonant (May be in increasing or decreasing order)…………………

·         Vowel…Consonant…Vowel….Consonant…….

·         Consonant…..Vowel….Consonant……Vowel………

·         Vowels (decreasing form)………….       …………..(increasing form) Consonants.

(3) Arithmetic operations

In this type of questions the input has some numbers. Different steps are obtained by taking the numbers of the input and different arithmetic operations are performed after that.

Arithmetic operation is possible if and only if the input has only the numbers. If the input has numbers and the chances of arrangement and shifting are not there, the problem is based on arithmetic operations for sure.

Sometimes some different logics are used---

·         EVEN NUMBERS (ascending order or descending order)

·         ODD NUMBERS (ascending order or descending order)

·         Even……Odd…..Even….Odd…… (Ascending order or descending order)

·         Odd……Even…….Odd……Even… (Ascending order or descending order)

·         Even     (increasing/decreasing)………………     ………….……(increasing/decreasing) Odd

(4) Miscellaneous

 In this type of questions covers miscellaneous questions. This input can be anything and machine performs set of random operations on this.

If none of the above type is applicable then you can sure that the given problem is of miscellaneous type.

Some important tips  

1. First of all observe the given input line of words and numbers and the last step of rearrangement, so that candidate may get an idea about the changes in various steps of rearrangement.

2. In order to know what changes have been made in each step, observe two consecutive steps carefully.

3. Now, correlate the input, the last step and anyone of the middle steps. This will enable you to identify the rule of arrangement.

Key Factor-

·         It becomes very easy to solve this type of problems if you are able to understand the arrangements of the input.

·         It is important to understand above arrangement to solve the question of machine input.

·         Mostly it can be easily understood by last step/final output.

·         If we go directly towards the final step of an input we find that all numbers/ words are arranged systematically.

            The systems can be.

·         Numbers - ascending, descending, etc.

·         Words - Alphabetically, opposite alphabetically, alphabetically in vowels/consonants etc.

·         In mixed form - if numbers and words both are given in arrangement mostly words are only related to next word and number to number.

1). SHIFTING PROBLEMS

I.)  Input: Boy Crazy Guy Other Help Charm

Step 1. Boy Other Guy Crazy help Charm

Step 2. Boy Other Help Crazy Guy Charm

Step 3. Charm Other Help Crazy Guy Boy

Step 4. Charm Crazy Help Other Guy Boy

Step 5. Charm Crazy Guy Other Help Boy

Step 6. Boy Crazy Guy Other Help Charm

2). BASED ON ARRANGEMENT (RULES ARE GIVEN BELOW)

1.      Previous Step can never be determined. Let we have given Step VI & then ask to find Step V or IV or III ,so this is clear gives you the answer 'Cannot be determined' 

2.      Let Total No. Of element or words or numbers  in input is 8. So take n = 8 then Maximum step can be made through this input is ( n - 1).It will only happen in the case of Arrangement.

3.      To find particular step ( Let x) for any input , logically pick 1st x alphabetical word or numbers in increasing order and just place them before the remaining word or numbers. This is the case Apply when given Input is an  'Increasing Order' & For Decreasing Order last x word or numbers should be picked.We will do this through example later in this article.   

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ARRANGEMENTS

1.  From Left

2.  From Right

3.  Left-Right Alternate Arrangement

4.  Increasing/Decreasing Arrangement of Numbers

5.  Left-Right Alternate Arrangement of Numbers

6.  Arrangement of word & Number simultaneously

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